Han Mahmud (Khan Mahmud) was a 19th-century Kurdish Lord. He was born in Müküs (now in

Van, Turkey Van ( hy, Վան; ku, Wan) is a mostly Kurdish-populated and historically Armenian-populated city in eastern Turkey's Van Province. The city lies on the eastern shore of Lake Van. Van has a long history as a major urban area. It has been a larg ...

), and after his father Abdi Beg's death, he became

Mir ''Mir'' (russian: Мир, ; ) was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. ''Mir'' was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to&n ...

of the Kurdish Emirate of Müküs In 1843 and 1846 he fought within an alliance with

Bedir Khan Beg Bedir Khan Beg (Kurmanji: ''Bedirxan Beg'', tr, Bedirhan Bey; 1803–1869) was the last Kurdish Mîr and mütesellim of the Emirate of Botan. Hereditary head of the house of Rozhaki whose seat was the ancient Bitlis castle and descended from ...

from

Cizre Botan Bohtan (also Buhtan, ''Bokhti'') was a medieval Kurdish principality in the Ottoman Empire centered on the town of Jazirah ibn 'Omar (modern Cizre also known as ''Cizîra Botan'' (''Jazira Botan'') in southeastern Anatolia. Bohtanis were an a ...

from and Nurullah Beg from

Hakkari Hakkari or Hakkâri may refer to: *Hakkari (historical region), a historical region in modern-day Turkey and Iraq *Hakkâri (city), a city and the capital of Hakkâri Province, Turkey *Hakkâri Province Hakkâri Province (, tr, Hakkâri ili, ...

against the christian

Nestorians Nestorianism is a term used in Christian theology and Church history to refer to several mutually related but doctrinarily distinct sets of teachings. The first meaning of the term is related to the original teachings of Christian theologian N ...

. The massacres caused by the alliance, raised concerns around the foreign christian missionaries and later were harshly criticized by diplomats from Europe and the United States. The Ottomans then tried to compel the alliance to surrender but the Ottomans were not persuasive enough. The Ottomans then fought the Kurdish alliance and Han Mahmoud lost his post in 1946Suavi, Verheij; Jongerden, Verheij (ed.), (2012), pp. 37–38 and was exiled to

Rousse Ruse (also transliterated as Rousse, Russe; bg, Русе ) is the fifth largest city in Bulgaria. Ruse is in the northeastern part of the country, on the right bank of the Danube, opposite the Romanian city of Giurgiu, approximately south of ...

(now a

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...

n city). Han Mahmud died in Rousse in 1866.

References

History of the Kurdish people 1866 deaths Year of birth unknown Kurdish rulers 19th-century Kurdish people {{MEast-bio-stub